Creatures like turtles, iguanas, frogs, and other small animals can transmit germs linked to widespread illness outbreaks across multiple states.”
Small animals such as turtles, iguanas, and frogs are often chosen as first pets for children due to their easy handling and low-maintenance care, making them appealing for busy families. However, despite the fun they offer, it might be wiser to avoid them.
Why? “Reptiles and amphibians can carry bacteria that can make humans ill, with Salmonella being the most common culprit,” explains Dr. Elizabeth Hohmann, an infectious disease specialist at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital. “These creatures thrive in warm, moist environments where Salmonella bacteria flourish.”
Widespread outbreaks in the U.S. Reptiles and amphibians frequently harbor Salmonella in their digestive systems, though it doesn’t affect them. Pet turtles with shells under four inches have been linked to numerous multistate outbreaks of illness, especially in young children. Although a federal law prohibits the sale and distribution of these small turtles, both sales and infections persist. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that a recent outbreak of Salmonella has affected over 20 states, leading to hospitalizations.
Larger turtles, small pets like hamsters or mice, and even farm animals like chickens may also carry and spread this bacteria.
How is Salmonella spread between pets and people? Salmonella exposure occurs when individuals come into contact with the animals, their droppings, food, toys, or habitats such as cages, tanks, or water environments.
“People often get the bacteria on their hands, then unknowingly touch their mouth or nose,” Dr. Hohmann notes. This is particularly common in young children.
Once exposed, individuals may contract salmonellosis, a type of bacterial infection.
Who is most at risk of illness? Anyone can develop salmonellosis, but children under 5, adults 65 and older, and those with chronic illnesses are more vulnerable to serious complications. “Very young children don’t always follow proper hygiene or know how to handle these animals safely,” says Dr. Hohmann. “Elderly adults and individuals with conditions like diabetes may have weakened immune systems, making them more prone to severe illness.” In extreme cases, the bacteria can spread to the bloodstream and infect other parts of the body.
What are the symptoms of Salmonella infection? Common symptoms include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. These symptoms typically emerge six hours to four days after exposure and may last four to seven days.
Contact your pediatrician or primary care provider for guidance if you suspect your pet might be carrying Salmonella.
When should you seek urgent medical attention? Seek immediate care if you or your child experience any of these severe symptoms:
- Diarrhea with a fever over 102° F
- Diarrhea lasting more than three days without improvement
- Bloody stools
- Persistent vomiting, preventing fluid intake
- Signs of dehydration, such as infrequent urination, dry mouth and throat, or dizziness when standing.
What if you already own a pet turtle? If you already have a turtle or other high-risk pet, ensure that you and your family follow these CDC safety guidelines. Young children may need regular reminders to wash their hands and interact safely with pets.
- Wash hands: Always wash your hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and warm water after handling or feeding your pet, or cleaning its living area. “Adults should teach children proper hand-washing techniques,” says Dr. Hohmann.
- Play safely: Avoid kissing or cuddling your pet, and don’t eat or drink near it. Keep the pet away from food preparation areas like the kitchen.
- Clean carefully: Use designated cleaning supplies like tubs, sponges, and scrubbing tools exclusively for pet care. Always clean pet habitats, including cages and tanks, outdoors. Avoid using the kitchen sink to prevent contamination.
Perhaps the safest approach is to avoid keeping these animals as pets altogether — or wait until your children are much older, Dr. Hohmann advises. “It’s generally safer to stick with cats or dogs.”
